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Objective To investigate the expressions of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2 and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients and their correlations with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Methods A total of 68 paraffin-embedded specimens of DLBCL patients diagnosed in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital with detailed follow-up record from January 2010 to December 2012 were included in the study. The expressions of PD-L1, PD-L2 and p-AKT proteins in DLBCL were detected by using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results The positive rate of PD-L1 protein in DLBCL patients was 22.1％ (15/68), which was related to germinal center B-cell (GCB) subtype or not (χ2= 5.591, P= 0.018), clinical stage (χ2= 3.969, P= 0.046), international prognostic index (IPI) grades (χ2=4.178, P=0.041) and treatment remission rate (χ2=6.587, P=0.010). The positive rate of PD-L2 protein in DLBCL patients was 14.7％ (10/68), which was related to extranodal metastasis or not (χ2=6.772, P= 0.009). The positive rate of p-AKT for DLBCL patients was 61.8％ (42/68), which was correlated with age (≥60 years old) or not (χ2=6.227, P=0.013), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) grades (χ2=4.005, P=0.045), B symptoms (χ2=10.187, P=0.001) and treatment remission rate (χ2=4.096, P=0.043). Univariate survival analysis showed that the overall survival (OS) rate and progression free survival (PFS) rate of PD-L1 protein positive expression group were lower than those of PD-L1 protein negative expression group (both P< 0.05). In the patients with non-GCB subtype, OS rate and PFS rate of PD-L1 protein positive expression group were lower than those of PD-L1 protein negative expression group (both P<0.05). p-AKT protein positive expression group had poorer OS rate and PFS rate compared to p-AKT negative expression group (both P< 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that PD-L1 protein expression was correlated with PD-L2 and p-AKT proteins expressions (r= 0.380, P= 0.001;r= 0.273, P= 0.025). The prognosis was worse when p-AKT and PD-L1 proteins was co-expressed (P< 0.05). Multivariate analysis suggested high expressions of PD-L1 and p-AKT proteins were independent prognosis risk factors in DLBCL (both P<0.05). Conclusions The expressions of PD-L1 and p-AKT proteins may be involved in the occurrence and development of DLBCL. Blocking PD-1 and PD-L1 access or combined blocking could provide a promising future for the clinical therapy.
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Objective To explore the effect of micro-lecture-CPT teaching method (case,problem and team-based learning,CPT) used in pathology teaching.Methods 236 medical imaging undergraduates from Grade 2015 were selected and divided into two groups equally.The experimental group (118 people) used the micro-lecture-CPT teaching method,and the control group (118 people) used the traditional teaching method.The students in the experimental group used the interactive platform on the internet to share the resource in combination with pathological theory and experiment,including curriculum,microlecture,multimedia courseware,clinical case and the related questions before class.In class,the questions were discussed in groups based on "student centered,teacher guide".Questionnaire survey and test scores were used to collect data and analyze the differences between the two groups.SPSS 13.0 was applied to processing the data.Measurement data were expressed as mean plus or minus standard deviation,and t test was used in the comparison between groups.Results The average score of basic theoretical examination in the experimental group was lower than that of the traditional teaching group [(57.86-± 2.32) vs.(58.23 ±2.06)];While the case score and experimental score in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the traditional teaching group [(11.27 ± 1.24) vs.(7.40 ± 0.90);(18.04 ± 0.87) vs.(14.75 ± 0.93)].And the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Questionnaire survey demonstrated that the experimental group students' evaluation on the learning of micro-lecture-CPT teaching was higher than the control group's evaluation on traditional teaching in the aspects of improving students' learning interest,promoting autonomous learning and problem solving skills,cultivating clinical thinking ability and team cooperation spirit.Conclusion Micro-lecture-CPT teaching method conforms to the trend of modem teaching reform and achieves good effect in pathology teaching,so it is worth recommending and popularizing.
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Objective To detect C-met protein expression and gene amplification in lung adenocarcinoma, and to analyze their relationship with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) resistance and prognosis. Methods A total of 120 cases of lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from January 2011 to May 2013 were selected. The expressions of C-met protein and C-met gene amplification were conducted by immunohistochemistry (IHC) method and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and all patients were followed up. The relationship between the expression of C-met protein and gene amplification with clinicopathological features and EGFR-TKI resistance and prognosis were analyzed. Results The high expression of C-met protein and gene amplification in 120 tissues were 17.5 ％ (21/120), 10.83 ％ (13/120). Of the 80 patients treated with EGFR-TKI, the incidence of C-met protein high expression was 30.43 ％ (14/46) in patients with drug resistance, which was significantly higher than that in patients without drug resistance (11.76 ％, 4/34), the difference was statistically significant (χ2= 3.908, P= 0.048). The rate of C-met gene amplification was 19.57 ％ (9/46) in patients with drug resistance,which was significantly higher than that in patients without drug resistance (2.94 ％, 1/34) the difference was statistically significant (P= 0.038). The expression of C-met protein in 46 patients with drug resistance was positively correlated with gene amplification (r= 0.388, P= 0.008), but in 40 patients without TKI, the expression of C-met protein was not correlated with gene amplification (r=0.279, P=0.081). The high expression of C-met protein was correlated with age, pathological grade and clinical stage (all P<0.05), while C-met gene amplification was related to clinical stage (P=0.036). Cox regression analysis suggested that C-met gene amplification was an independent prognostic factor (P= 0.034). Conclusions C-met protein expression and gene amplification are risk factors for EGFR-TKI resistance. C-met gene amplification suggests poor prognosis, and can be used as an independent factor for prognostic evaluation.
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Objective To analyze the genetic quality of 24 domestic inbred strains mice using microsatellite loci panel.Methods Previously selected 30 microsatellite loci of mouse with high polymorphism and more allele numbers were used to synthesize corresponding fluorescently-labeled primers.Then the genomic DNA samples of each mouse were amplified by PCR and the products were analyzed by STR scanning to genotype the inbred strains of mice.Results Out of the 24 inbred strains, 15 inbred strains showed the same genotype within one strain at 30 loci.Among different strains, microsatellite loci indicated polymorphism which could be used to distinguish different strains.However, the rest 9 strains demonstrated polymorphism within strains.Conclusions Our stuoly provides a useful microsatellite panel to detect genetic quality of inbred mice and distinguish different strains with the optimized microsatellite loci.
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Objective To establish a detection technique for H.pylori(HP) infection in Mongolian gerbils using nested PCR technique.Methods H.pylori was cultured in vitro and inoculated into Mongolian gerbils.At the 10th week after infection, the HP in the gastric juice of Mongolian gerbil was detected by conventional PCR assay and the gastric juice, gastric mucosa, duodenal contents and colon stool were examined by nested PCR.Rapid urease test and ELISA were used to analyze the accuracy of the nested PCR assay.All of the PCR products were verified by sequencing.Results The positive rate of gastric juice detected by conventional PCR was 30%, while the positive rates of gastric juice, gastric mucosa, duodenal contents and colon stool detected by nested PCR were 100%, 100%, 90%, and 10%, respectively.The positive detection rates of rapid urease test and serum ELISA were 100% and 0%, respectively.Comparing the results of different methods, both the positive rates of gastric juice and gastric mucosa detected by nested PCR and the detection rate of rapid urease test were 100%, but the results of conventional PCR detection of gastric juice, the nested PCR detection result of stool in colon and of serum ELISA assay were lower than other methods.Conclusions Due to its high accuracy and sensitivity, the nested PCR assay of gastric juice can be used for the long-time detection of H.pylori infection in Mongolian gerbils, especially useful in the experiments of prevention and treatment of H.pylori infection.
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Objective To investigate the expression level and clinical significance of long non-coding RNA(LncRNA) growth arrest specific gene-antisense 1(GAS8-AS1) in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC) patients. Methods We investigated the expression profile of GAS8-AS1 in tissue samples of patients with PTMC as well as nodular goiter(NG) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR). Results GAS8-AS1 in cancer tissue was down-regulated in PTMC patients compared with adjacent thyroid tissue and NG samples(P<0.05). Lower level of GAS8-AS1 was also correlated with central cervical lymph node metastasis(CLNM, P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve for GAS8-AS1 was up to 0.717 3 in CLNM prediction(P<0.05). Conclusion GAS8-AS1 may act as a potential biomarker for PTC diagnosis and CLNM prediction.
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Objective To investigate the dysregulation of HER-2 protein and gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to identify the association between clinicopathological features,prognosis and HER-2 aberrations amongst protein and gene. Methods 140 NSCLC tissues (89 squamous cell carcinoma, 51 adenocarcinoma) with operative section and detailed case were taken from pathology department of Shanxi Cancer Hospital from Jan 2006 to Feb 2007, while 70 normal tissues were set as control group. Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the state of HER-2 protein expression,and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied to test the status of gene amplification. Results In normal and NSCLC tissues, over-expression of HER-2 was detected in 0 case and 17 (12.14 %) cases (P 0.05). There was no significantly difference in survival between patients with and without HER-2 protein over-expression and HER-2 gene dysregulation (P > 0.05). HER-2 protein over-expression was associated with HER-2 gene amplification (P > 0.05), while no relationship between HER-2 protein overexpression and HER-2 gene multicopy (P < 0.01). Conclusions The over-expression of HER-2 is related to pathological type of NSCLC with more frequent expression in adenocarcinoma. The incidence rate of HER-2 gene amplification in patients with adenocarcinoma histology, never-smokers, and young age is high. The HER-2 protein over-expression and gene dysregulation show no relation with the prognosis of NSCLC.
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Objective To investigate the protein expression and genetic alterations of c-myc in primary systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and discuss its relationship with clinicopathologic features and immunophenotypes.Methods 87 cases of ALCL were selected.Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the protein expression of c-myc,ALK,CD3,CD10,CD20,CD30 and EMA.c-myc and ALK genetic alterations were detected by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FlSH).The interrelationships between protein expression,genetic alterations and clinicopathological parameters were analysed statistically.Results Immunohistochemical results:of 87 cases,ALK protein was expressed in 54 cases (62.1％).c-myc protein was expressed in 27 cases (31.0 ％).ALK and c-myc were co-expressed in 20 cases (23.0 ％).c-myc protein expression,ALK and c-myc co-expression increased with the upgrade of ALCL clinical stages,and the expression was higher in International Prognostic Index (IPI) high-risk groups than in low-risk groups (P ＜ 0.05).FISH test results:of 87 ALCL cases,there were 50 cases (57.5 ％) of ALK rearrangements and 19 cases (21.8 ％) of ALK aneuploidy.c-myc rearrangement was detected in none of 87 ALCL cases,but there was aneuploidy in 19 cases (21.8 ％).The differences of c-myc aneuploidy in ALK positive and negative groups were statistically insignificant (P ＞ 0.05),while they were statistically significant in c-myc groups (P ＜ 0.05) and in different IPI groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion c-myc protein expression and aneuploidy were related with ALCL clinical stages and IPI,which could be used as an indicator of estimating ALCL malignant degree and predicting prognosis.
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Post competency is a kind of necessary ability for professional working.In order to train the students' excellent professional skills,we have conducted exploration and reform in post competency oriented experiment teaching,through reforming experimental courses,changing teaching methods and means of examination,constructing the laboratory etc.,so that we have built a new professional training model in pathological diagnosis and technology specialty experimental teaching.The experimental teaching reform results have improved the experimental teaching quality and the talents capability.
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Objective To optimize the scheme of Mongolian gerbil superovulation.Methods Based on the analysis of the animal-week-old, the dose and time interval of hormone, we got the best animal-week-old, dose and time interval of hormone for Mongolian gerbil superovulation.Results The 6 week old female Mongolian gerbils which injected of 10 IU PMSG and followed by 10 IU hCG in 70 hours later could get the best superovulation.We collected eggs at 16 hour after mate with male gerbils.The ovum pick-up rate reached 80%, the number of oocytes were 32.6 ±3.0, the number of the fertilized egg developed to 2-cell are 24.8 ±5.4.Conclusions This study summarizes the optimization scheme of Mongolian gerbil superovulation induced by PMSG and hCG and it supported the foundation for Mongolian gerbils embryo biotechnology.
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Objective To establish the genetic and biochemical loci in Mesocricetus auratus and its albino mua-tant.Methods Protein isozyme cellulose acetate electrophoresis was used to determine the genetic and biochemical loci in Mesocricetus auratus and its albino mutant, using the genetic and biochemical loci of mice and rats.Results 25 biochemi-cal markers of Mesocricetus auratus and albino mutant were established, and polymorphism of their genetic biochemical loci was analyzed.Conclusions Polymorphism of biochemical loci is present in Mesocricetus auratus.Some differences exist between the genetic biochemical loci of Mesocricetus auratus and their albino mutant.These results laid the foundation for further study on genetic mechanism of albino mutation in Mesocricetus auratus.
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Objective To analyze and evaluate the population genetic quality of outbred KM mice from National Rodent Seed Center ( Shanghai ) .Methods A total of 30 outbred KM mice were randomly chosen.The genetic characteristics of the population were determined by PCR and STR scanning using 30 selected microsatellite loci. Popgen1.32 software was used to process the data.Results Thirty microsatellite loci shared 123 alleles in the KM mouse population.The average effective allele number and the average heterozygosity were 2.3989 and 0.5342, respectively.The average polymorphism information content ( PIC ) was 0.4735.Conclusions The outbred KM mouse population of Shanghai Seed Center has genetic stability and genetic diversity, and is satisfied with the genetic characteristics of closed colony laboratory animal.
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Mongolian gerbil is a multifunctional laboratory anima1 resource with Chinese characteristics.It has many advantages for some research fields, and play an important role.The more biological characteristics of Mongolian ger-bils discovered with in-depth research will promote diverse application of this resoure.In this paper, we reviewed the devel-opment of application of Mongolian gerbils in taxonomy, parasitology, microbiology, cerebral ischemia, lipid metabolism, neurological diseases, and cancer researches.
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Objective To find out and clone the genes that can influence different willis circle in Meriones unguiculatus, the genomic library has been made.Methods 96 clean Meriones unguiculatus were dissected according to observe the differences of willis circle, and the mixed DNA was extracted from different blood vessels.The genomic library construction has been done by using pCC1FOS vector, following by CopyControl Fosmid Lib manual.The copy numbers, recombined segment size and recombination fraction of the library were measured.Results Genomic library of different Willis circle in Meriones unguiculatus was successfully made.The capacity of the library was 1700 copies.The segment size was 36kb, and the recombination fraction was 93%.Conclusion The library was the good beginning for the following steps which were gene cloning and genescreen.
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Exfoliative cytology is a required course for medical diploma students majoring in pathological diagnosis and technology. However there exist no ready-made teaching materials to use or teaching models to follow.This paper discusses the attempts made to achieve preferable teaching result by formulating syllabus based on training scheme by carefully picking teaching content,combining case analysis with multimedia instruction and making new method of assessment.
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Objective To investigate the expressions and clinicopathological significance of 3q27-3q29-related p63 protein in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods An immunohistochemical Envision~(TM) method was used to detect the expressions of p53 and 3q27-3q29-related p63 protein in 102 cases of DLBCL and 15 cases of reactive hyperplasia of lymph node (RHL). Results The tumor cell expressions of p53(62 %) and p63(56 %) in DLBCL were significantly higher than that in RHL (0 and 13 % P < 0.05). The expressions of p53 and p63 were significantly different (1) between stage Ⅰ + Ⅱ (the positive rate 48.3 % and 41.4 %, respectively) and stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ(the positive rate 79.5 % and 75 %, respectively; P <0.05), (2) between GCB type (the positive rate 28 % and 28 %, respectively) and non-GCB type(the positive rate 72.7 % and 64.9 %, respectively; P <0.05). The expressions of p53 and p63 had no relationship to gender, age, B symptoms and locations. The expression of p53 was positively correlated with that of p63 in DLBCL (P <0.05, Cp=0.629). p53 and p63 protein expression in negative group the 5-year overall survival rate is higher than that in positive group (38 % and 6 %, 51% and 4 %, respectively), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion It was likely that p63, as the oncogene, participated in the occurrence and development of DLBCL together with p53. Also, p63 and p53 might play a synergistic role in the occurrence DLBCL. Combined detection of 3q27-3q29-related 1963 protein and p53 protein in DLBCL, might be one of the indicators to the prognosis of DLBCL.
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Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of p63, CD_(44v6) and human papilloma virus (HPV) 16/18 in carcinoma of cervix and precancerous lesion and to study their role in the pathogenesis of the infiltrative carcinoma of the cervix(ICC). Methods 145 patients were selected, among whom were 60 cases of ICC, 55 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 30 cases of normal cervical epidermis (NCE). Immunohistochemistry streptavidin peroxidase (SP) was used to detect the expressions of p63 and CD_(44v6) protein and hybridization in situ was used to measure HPV 16/18 gene on tissue microarray. Results HPV 16/18, p63 and CD_(44v6) in ICC were significantly higher than those in CIN and NCE groups (P < 0.05). The expressions of HPV 16/18 gene in CIN I 、CIN II and CIN III were 27.3 % , 43.8 %, 70.6 % respectively. p63 protein was mainly expressed in squamous cell carcinoma, but not in adenocarcinoma. p63-positive rate was related to the grade of squamous cell carcinoma and clinical stage. CD_(44v6) positive rate was related to the pathological grade and clinical stage. Moreover, the positive rate of lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than the cases without metastasis (P <0.05). The expression of HPV16/18 was positively correlated with that of p63 in ISCC (P <0.05, Cp =0.49). Conclusion HPV16/18 possibly participate in the pathogenesis and progress of cervical squamous carcinoma. p63, as the cancer gene, may participate in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer caused by HPV 16/18. p63 could be a differentiation indicator of cervical squamous carcinoma, and it could be one of the markers which would be differentiated into squamous cell in malignant tumour. CD_(44v6) could be used as one of the indicators of distant metastasis of cervical cancer.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the efficacy of Viagra combined with behavior therapy against premature ejaculation (PE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty PE patients were divided into two groups randomly: control group (behavior therapy alone) and the group of Viagra combined with behavior therapy. Intra-vaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) and the coitus satisfaction of the patient and the partner were recorded before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The IELTs of the two groups were 0.80 +/- 0.20 and 0.73 +/- 0.24 minutes respectively before treatment, and 1.82 +/- 0.54 and 3.63 +/- 0.55 minutes respectively after treatment. As for IELT and satisfaction degree, Viagra produced better result than behavior therapy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>During this clinical trial, Viagra combined with behavior therapy prolonged IELT, which suggests that Viagra may be helpful for the treatment of premature ejaculation.</p>
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Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Behavior Therapy , Ejaculation , Piperazines , Therapeutic Uses , Purines , Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological , Therapeutics , Sildenafil Citrate , SulfonesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and testosterone undecanoate (TU) injected at 8-week intervals for the suppression of spermatogenesis in healthy Chinese men.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After screening, 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled and randomly assigned to 3 dosage-groups (n = 10/group): 1000 mg TU (Group A), 1000 mg TU plus 150 mg DMPA (Group B), 1000 mg TU plus 300 mg DMPA (Group C). All dosages were given as intramuscular injections at 8-week intervals. The study consisted of an 8-week control (baseline) period, a 24-week treatment period and a 24-week recovery period.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Consistent azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia was achieved and maintained in all the volunteers during the treatment period, except 2 in the mere TU group who experienced a "rebound" in sperm concentrations. An 8-week regimen of TU plus DMPA at both tested combination dosages effectively suppressed spermatogenesis to azoospermia. All volunteers tolerated the injections; no serious adverse effects were reported.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The lower combined dosage is recommended for further testing in an expanded clinical trial or contraceptive efficacy study.</p>